The generation, manipulation, and detection of the spin current are very important and necessary for spintronics devices. The spin Hall effect (SHE) refers to the phenomenon that the spin-up and spin-down transport electrons accumulate transversely on opposite sides of a nonmagnetic conductor due to the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) that occurs without an external magnetic field. Consequently, the …

Nowadays, the importance of navigation technology is increasing and widely applied not only in real time vehicles’ navigation but kinematic positioning for post processing circumstances. The Global Positioning System (GPS) plays an important role in the navigation purpose recently because of the stability and universality providing the position information, whereas the GPS can’t make precise …

This paper examines the influence of gender upon voice onset time (VOT). Lisker and Abramson (1964) defined voice onset time (VOT) as the temporal interval from the release of an initial stop to the onset of glottal pulsing of a following vowel. VOT has been considered a reliable phonetic cue for categorizing stop consonants (i.e., voiced versus voiceless or unaspirated versus aspirated) in …

Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) have emerged as useful biotechnology applications because of high throughput, high sensitivity, and low cost compared to conventional laboratory procedures. Because they can precisely control the movements of nanoliter droplets containing samples and reagents, DMFBs have used to realize various applications such as DNA sequencing, immunoassays, …