Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are known to have high electrical conductivity and chemical stability.  However, ECs having CNT or CNF electrodes exhibit relatively low specific capacitance due to their low surface areas [1].  One way to overcome these limitations is through the addition of electroactive materials into carbonaceous electrodes to provide more active sites for …

Generally, the quality of an industrial product has a least two correlated quality characteristics. In order to establish performance measures for evaluating the capability of a multivariate manufacturing process, several multivariate process capability indices have been developed in the past few years. Among them, Taam’s MC_p and MC_pm indices have the drawback …

Internet-based mass customization has become an important consumer experience activity in many industries. Today’s consumer prefers to choose products from a wide variety of styles that combine different colors and forms. In the automobile industry, DaimlerChrysler Mercedes-Benz’s ‘‘Smart” car is a well-known example of mass customization in color choice. In the mobile phone industry, there are …

Electroplating is a promising method for forming copper (Cu) interconnections in dual-damascene structures due to its excellent gap-filling capacity and high throughput. External additives used for state-of-the-art damascene manufacturing of semiconductor logic and memory devices involving the electroplating of Cu metallization have been widely studied. …