1.Introduction
This study constructs interference-based model of the apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (A-SNOM) heterodyne detection signal which takes account of both the tip enhancement phenomena and the tip reflective background electric field. The analytical model not only provides a meaningful explanation of the image artifacts and errors, but also suggests methods …

High-speed red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) often serve as key transmitter components for communication networks using plastic optical fibers (POFs). According to the media-oriented systems transport (MOST) standard they must run at a data rate of 22.5Mb/s.  However, the optical bandwidth of the red operating window (~650nm) of the current commercially used polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) POF is …

SAW devices have found wide application in sensors for detection in gas and liquid environment ^[1,2]. In liquid environment, Rayleigh surface waves have a displacement component perpendicular to the substrate where exist a compressional waves leading to a strong radiation loss ^[3]. For this reason, shear horizontal (SH) polarized waves are preferred because they do not …

Thrombomodulin (TM), a widely expressing glycoprotein originally identified in vascular endothelium, is an important cofactor in anticoagulant system. We presently have demonstrated that recombinant N-terminal lectinlike domain of TM (rTMD1) functions as a protective agent against sepsis, a leading cause of death in hospitalized patients, caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections. …